The fully linked HTML version of this article has now been published.
Development ePress online publication date 10 Dec 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00914
Research article
Genome-wide germline-enriched and sex-biased expression profiles in Caenorhabditis elegans
Valerie Reinke*,
Inigo San Gil,
Samuel Ward,
and
Keith Kazmer
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: valerie.reinke{at}yale.edu)
We performed a genome-wide analysis of gene expression in C. elegans to identify germline- and sex-regulated genes. Using mutants that cause defects in germ cell proliferation or gametogenesis, we identified sets of genes with germline-enriched expression in either hermaphrodites or males, or in both sexes. Additionally, we compared gene expression profiles between males and hermaphrodites lacking germline tissue to define genes with sex-biased expression in terminally differentiated somatic tissues. Cross-referencing hermaphrodite germline and somatic gene sets with in situ hybridization data demonstrates that the vast majority of these genes have appropriate spatial expression patterns. Additionally, we examined gene expression at multiple times during wild-type germline development to define temporal expression profiles for these genes. Sex- and germline-regulated genes have a non-random distribution in the genome, with especially strong biases for and against the X chromosome. Comparison with data from large-scale RNAi screens demonstrates that genes expressed in the oogenic germline display visible phenotypes more frequently than expected.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. M. Alcazar, R. Lin, and A. Z. Fire
Transmission Dynamics of Heritable Silencing Induced by Double-Stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics,
November 1, 2008;
180(3):
1275 - 1288.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. E. de Carvalho, S. Zaaijer, S. Smolikov, Y. Gu, J. M. Schumacher, and M. P. Colaiacovo
LAB-1 antagonizes the Aurora B kinase in C. elegans
Genes & Dev.,
October 15, 2008;
22(20):
2869 - 2885.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. R. Boag, A. Atalay, S. Robida, V. Reinke, and T. K. Blackwell
Protection of specific maternal messenger RNAs by the P body protein CGH-1 (Dhh1/RCK) during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis
J. Cell Biol.,
August 11, 2008;
182(3):
543 - 557.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Llopart and J. M. Comeron
Recurrent Events of Positive Selection in Independent Drosophila Lineages at the Spermatogenesis Gene roughex
Genetics,
June 1, 2008;
179(2):
1009 - 1020.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. G. Artieri, W. Haerty, B. P. Gupta, and R. S. Singh
Sexual Selection and Maintenance of Sex: Evidence from Comparisons of Rates of Genomic Accumulation of Mutations and Divergence of Sex-Related Genes in Sexual and Hermaphroditic Species of Caenorhabditis
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
May 1, 2008;
25(5):
972 - 979.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. D. Cutter, J. D. Wasmuth, and N. L. Washington
Patterns of Molecular Evolution in Caenorhabditis Preclude Ancient Origins of Selfing
Genetics,
April 1, 2008;
178(4):
2093 - 2104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. A. Spike, J. Bader, V. Reinke, and S. Strome
DEPS-1 promotes P-granule assembly and RNA interference in C. elegans germ cells
Development,
March 1, 2008;
135(5):
983 - 993.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. E. Rocheleau, K. Cullison, K. Huang, Y. Bernstein, A. C. Spilker, and M. V. Sundaram
The Caenorhabditis elegans ekl (Enhancer of ksr-1 Lethality) Genes Include Putative Components of a Germline Small RNA Pathway
Genetics,
March 1, 2008;
178(3):
1431 - 1443.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. S. Seidel, M. V. Rockman, and L. Kruglyak
Widespread Genetic Incompatibility in C. Elegans Maintained by Balancing Selection
Science,
February 1, 2008;
319(5863):
589 - 594.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Currie, B. King, A. L. Lawrenson, L. K. Schroeder, A. M. Kershner, and G. J. Hermann
Role of the Caenorhabditis elegans Multidrug Resistance Gene, mrp-4, in Gut Granule Differentiation
Genetics,
November 1, 2007;
177(3):
1569 - 1582.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Schertel and B. Conradt
C. elegans orthologs of components of the RB tumor suppressor complex have distinct pro-apoptotic functions
Development,
October 15, 2007;
134(20):
3691 - 3701.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Eki, T. Ishihara, I. Katsura, and F. Hanaoka
A Genome-wide Survey and Systematic RNAi-based Characterization of Helicase-like Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans
DNA Res,
October 6, 2007;
(2007)
dsm016v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. C. Welker, J. W. Habig, and B. L. Bass
Genes misregulated in C. elegans deficient in Dicer, RDE-4, or RDE-1 are enriched for innate immunity genes
RNA,
July 1, 2007;
13(7):
1090 - 1102.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A.-J. Rodrigues, G. Coppola, C. Santos, M. d. C. Costa, M. Ailion, J. Sequeiros, D. H. Geschwind, and P. Maciel
Functional genomics and biochemical characterization of the C. elegans orthologue of the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3
FASEB J,
April 1, 2007;
21(4):
1126 - 1136.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Takasaki, Z. Liu, Y. Habara, K. Nishiwaki, J.-i. Nakayama, K. Inoue, H. Sakamoto, and S. Strome
MRG-1, an autosome-associated protein, silences X-linked genes and protects germline immortality in Caenorhabditis elegans
Development,
February 15, 2007;
134(4):
757 - 767.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. V. Captan, B. Goszczynski, and J. D. McGhee
Neither Maternal nor Zygotic med-1/med-2 Genes Play a Major Role in Specifying the Caenorhabditis elegans Endoderm
Genetics,
February 1, 2007;
175(2):
969 - 974.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. W. LaMunyon, O. Bouban, and A. D. Cutter
Postcopulatory Sexual Selection Reduces Genetic Diversity in Experimental Populations of Caenorhabditis elegans
J. Hered.,
January 1, 2007;
98(1):
67 - 72.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. B. Bender, J. Suh, C. R. Carroll, Y. Fong, I. M. Fingerman, S. D. Briggs, R. Cao, Y. Zhang, V. Reinke, and S. Strome
MES-4: an autosome-associated histone methyltransferase that participates in silencing the X chromosomes in the C. elegans germ line.
Development,
October 1, 2006;
133(19):
3907 - 3917.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Qu and S. Xu
Quantitative Trait Associated Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
August 1, 2006;
23(8):
1558 - 1573.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Clejan, J. Boerckel, and S. Ahmed
Developmental Modulation of Nonhomologous End Joining in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics,
July 1, 2006;
173(3):
1301 - 1317.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. G. Kelly
Standing guard: Perinuclear localization of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
PNAS,
February 14, 2006;
103(7):
2007 - 2008.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Pauli, Y. Liu, Y. A. Kim, P.-J. Chen, and S. K. Kim
Chromosomal clustering and GATA transcriptional regulation of intestine-expressed genes in C. elegans
Development,
January 15, 2006;
133(2):
287 - 295.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Chatterjee, A. Richmond, E. Putiri, D. C. Shakes, and A. Singson
The Caenorhabditis elegans spe-38 gene encodes a novel four-pass integral membrane protein required for sperm function at fertilization
Development,
June 15, 2005;
132(12):
2795 - 2808.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Maciejowski, J. H. Ahn, P. G. Cipriani, D. J. Killian, A. L. Chaudhary, J. I. Lee, R. Voutev, R. C. Johnsen, D. L. Baillie, K. C. Gunsalus, et al.
Autosomal Genes of Autosomal/X-Linked Duplicated Gene Pairs and Germ-Line Proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics,
April 1, 2005;
169(4):
1997 - 2011.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. G. Fernandez, K. C. Gunsalus, J. Huang, L.-S. Chuang, N. Ying, H.-l. Liang, C. Tang, A. J. Schetter, C. Zegar, J.-F. Rual, et al.
New genes with roles in the C. elegans embryo revealed using RNAi of ovary-enriched ORFeome clones
Genome Res.,
February 1, 2005;
15(2):
250 - 259.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. D. Cutter and S. Ward
Sexual and Temporal Dynamics of Molecular Evolution in C. elegans Development
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
January 1, 2005;
22(1):
178 - 188.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003