Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Accepted manuscripts
    • Issue in progress
    • Latest complete issue
    • Issue archive
    • Archive by article type
    • Special issues
    • Subject collections
    • Sign up for alerts
  • About us
    • About Development
    • About the Node
    • Editors and Board
    • Editor biographies
    • Travelling Fellowships
    • Grants and funding
    • Journal Meetings
    • Workshops
    • The Company of Biologists
    • Journal news
  • For authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Aims and scope
    • Presubmission enquiries
    • Article types
    • Manuscript preparation
    • Cover suggestions
    • Editorial process
    • Promoting your paper
    • Open Access
    • Biology Open transfer
  • Journal info
    • Journal policies
    • Rights and permissions
    • Media policies
    • Reviewer guide
    • Sign up for alerts
  • Contacts
    • Contacts
    • Subscriptions
    • Feedback
  • COB
    • About The Company of Biologists
    • Development
    • Journal of Cell Science
    • Journal of Experimental Biology
    • Disease Models & Mechanisms
    • Biology Open

User menu

  • Log in
  • Log out

Search

  • Advanced search
Development
  • COB
    • About The Company of Biologists
    • Development
    • Journal of Cell Science
    • Journal of Experimental Biology
    • Disease Models & Mechanisms
    • Biology Open

supporting biologistsinspiring biology

Development

  • Log in
Advanced search

RSS  Twitter  Facebook  YouTube 

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Accepted manuscripts
    • Issue in progress
    • Latest complete issue
    • Issue archive
    • Archive by article type
    • Special issues
    • Subject collections
    • Sign up for alerts
  • About us
    • About Development
    • About the Node
    • Editors and Board
    • Editor biographies
    • Travelling Fellowships
    • Grants and funding
    • Journal Meetings
    • Workshops
    • The Company of Biologists
    • Journal news
  • For authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Aims and scope
    • Presubmission enquiries
    • Article types
    • Manuscript preparation
    • Cover suggestions
    • Editorial process
    • Promoting your paper
    • Open Access
    • Biology Open transfer
  • Journal info
    • Journal policies
    • Rights and permissions
    • Media policies
    • Reviewer guide
    • Sign up for alerts
  • Contacts
    • Contacts
    • Subscriptions
    • Feedback
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Conservation of regulatory elements controlling hairy pair-rule stripe formation
J.A. Langeland, S.B. Carroll
Development 1993 117: 585-596;
J.A. Langeland
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
S.B. Carroll
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Summary

The hairy (h) gene is one of two pair-rule loci whose striped expression is directly regulated by combinations of gap proteins acting through discrete upstream regulatory fragments, which span several kilobases. We have undertaken a comparative study of the molecular biology of h pair-rule expression in order to identify conserved elements in this complex regulatory system, which should provide important clues concerning the mechanism of stripe formation. A molecular comparison of the h locus in Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster reveals a conserved overall arrangement of the upstream regulatory elements that control individual pair-rule stripes. We demonstrate that upstream fragments from D. virilis will direct the proper expression of stripes in D. melanogaster, indicating that these are true functional homologs of the stripe-producing D. melanogaster regulatory elements, and that the network of trans-acting proteins that act upon these regulatory elements is highly conserved. We also demonstrate that the spatial relationships between specific h stripes and selected gap proteins are highly conserved. We find several tracts of extensive nucleotide sequence conservation within homologous stripe-specific regulatory fragments, which have facilitated the identification of functional subelements within the D. melanogaster regulatory fragment for h stripe 5. Some of the conserved nucleotide tracts within this regulatory fragment contain consensus binding sites for potential trans-regulatory (gap and other) proteins, while many appear devoid of known binding sites. This comparative approach, coupled with the analysis of reporter gene expression in gap mutant embryos suggests that the Kr and gt proteins establish the anterior and posterior borders of h stripe 5, respectively, through spatial repression. Other, as yet unidentified, proteins are certain to play a role in stripe activation, presumably acting through other conserved sequence tracts.

REFERENCES

    1. Akam M.
    (1987) The molecular basis for metameric pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo. Development 101, 1–22
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Beverly S. M.,
    2. Wilson A. C.
    (1984) Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher Diptera II: A time scale for fly evolution. J. Mol. Evol 21, 1–13
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Capovilla M.,
    2. Eldon E.,
    3. Pirrotta V.
    (1992) The giant gene of Drosophila encodes a b-zip DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of other segmentation gap genes. Development 114, 99–112
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Carroll S. B.,
    2. Scott M. P.
    (1985) Localization of the fushi tarazu protein during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 43, 47–57
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Carroll S. B.,
    2. Scott M. P.
    (1986) Zygotically active genes that affect the spatial expression of the fushi tarazu segmentation gene during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 45, 113–126
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Carroll S. B.,
    2. Laughon A.,
    3. Thalley B. S.
    (1988) Expression, function and regulation of the hairy segementation gene during Drosophila embryogenesis. Genes Dev 2, 883–890
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Carroll S. B.,
    2. Vavra S. H.
    (1989) The zygotic control of pair-rule gene expression. II. Spatial repression by gap and pair-rule gene products. Development 107, 673–683
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Carroll S. B.,
    2. Whyte J. S.
    (1989) The role of the hairy gene during Drosophila morphogenesis: Stripes in imaginal discs. Genes Dev 3, 905–916
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Dearolf C. R.,
    2. Topol J.,
    3. Parker C. S.
    (1989) Transcriptional control of Drosophilafushi tarazu zebra stripe expression. Genes Dev 3, 384–398
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Devereux T.,
    2. Haeberli P.,
    3. Smithies O.
    (1984) A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nuc. Acids Res 12, 387–395
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. DiNardo S.,
    2. Kuner J. M.,
    3. Theis J.,
    4. O'Farrell P. H.
    (1985) Development of embryonic pattern in Drosophilamelanogaster as revealed by accumulation of the nuclear engrailed protein. Cell 43, 59–69
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Dinardo S.,
    2. O'Farrell P. H.
    (1987) Establishment and refinement of segmental pattern in the Drosophila embryo: spatial control of engrailed expression by pair-rule genes. Genes Dev 1, 1212–1225
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Driever W.,
    2. Nusslein-Volhard C.
    (1988) The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell 54, 95–104
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Edgar B. A.,
    2. Odell G. M.,
    3. Schubiger G.
    (1989) A genetic switch, based on negative regulation, sharpens stripes in Drosophila embryos. Dev. Genet 10, 124–142
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Eldon E. D.,
    2. Pirrotta V.
    (1991) Interactions of the Drosophila gap gene giant with maternal and zygotic pattern-forming genes. Development 111, 367–378
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Feinberg A. P.,
    2. Vogelstein B.
    (1983) A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem 132, 6–13
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Frasch M.,
    2. Levine M.
    (1987) Complementary patterns of even-skipped and fushi-tarazu expression involve their differential regulation by a common set of segmentation genes in Drosophila. Genes Dev 1, 981–995
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Gaul U.,
    2. Jäckle H.
    (1987) Pole region-dependent repression of the Drosophila gap gene Kruppel by maternal gene products. Cell 51, 549–555
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Goto T.,
    2. Macdonald P.,
    3. Maniatis T.
    (1989) Early and late patterns of even-skipped expression are controlled by distinct regulatory elements that respond to different spatial cues. Cell 57, 413–422
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hiromi Y.,
    2. Kuroiwa A.,
    3. Gehring W. J.
    (1985) Control elements of the Drosophila segmentation gene fushi tarazu. Cell 43, 603–613
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hooper K.,
    2. Parkhurst S.,
    3. Ish-Horowicz D.
    (1989) Spatial control of hairy protein expression during embryogenesis. Development 107, 489–504
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Howard K.
    (1988) The generation of periodic pattern during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Development 104, 35–50
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Howard K.,
    2. Ingham P. W.
    (1986) Regulatory interactions between the segmentation genes fushi tarazu, hairy, and engrailed in the Drosophila blastoderm. Cell 44, 949–957
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Howard K. R.,
    2. Struhl G.
    (1990) Decoding positional information: regulation of the pair-rule gene hairy. Development 110, 1223–1232
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Ingham P. W.
    (1988) The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila. Nature 335, 25–34
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Ingham P. W.,
    2. Ish-Horowicz D.,
    3. Howard K. R.
    (1986) Correlative changes in homeotic and segmentation gene expression in Kruppel embryos of Drosophila. EMBO J 5, 1527–1537
    OpenUrl
    1. Ingham P. W.,
    2. Gergen J. P.
    (1988) Interactions between the pair-rule genes runt, hairy, even-skipped, and fushi tarazu and the establishment of periodic pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Development 104, 51–60
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Jäckle H.,
    2. Tautz D.,
    3. Schuh R.,
    4. Seifert E.,
    5. Lehmann R.
    (1986) Cross-regulatory interactions among the gap genes of Drosophila. Nature 324, 668–670
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Jiang J.,
    2. Hoey T.,
    3. Levine M.
    (1991) Autoregulation of a segmentation gene in Drosophila: Combinatorial interaction of the even-skipped homeo box protein with a distal enhancer element. Genes Dev 5, 265–277
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Kassis J. A.,
    2. Desplan C.,
    3. Wright D. K.,
    4. O'Farrell P.
    (1989) Evolutionary conservation of homeodomain-binding sites and other sequences upstream and within the major transcription unit of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed. Mol. Cell. Bio 9, 4304–4311
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Knipple D. C.,
    2. Seifert E.,
    3. Rosenberg U. B.,
    4. Preiss A.,
    5. Jäckle H.
    (1985) Spatial and temporal patterns of Kruppel gene expression in early Drosophila embryos. Nature 317, 40–44
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Kraut R.,
    2. Levine M.
    (1991) Spatial regulation of the gap gene gaint during Drosophila development. Development 111, 601–609
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Kraut R.,
    2. Levine M.
    (1991) Mutually repressive interactions between the gap genes giant and Kruppel define middle body regions of the Drosophila embryo. Development 111, 611–622
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Maier D.,
    2. Preiss A.,
    3. Powell J. R.
    (1990) Regulation of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu has been functionally conserved in Drosophila. EMBO J 9, 3957–3966
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Michael W. M.,
    2. Bowtell D. D. L.,
    3. Rubin G. M.
    (1990) Comparison of the sevenless genes of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci 87, 5351–5353
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Murre C.,
    2. McCaw P. S.,
    3. Baltimore D.
    (1991) A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in Immunoglobulin Enhancer Binding, daughterless, MyoD and myc proteins. Cell 56, 777–783
    OpenUrl
    1. Pankratz M. J.,
    2. Seifert E.,
    3. Gerwin N.,
    4. Billi B.,
    5. Nauber U.,
    6. Jäckle H.
    (1990) Gradients of Kruppel and knirps gene products direct pair-rule gene stripe patterning in the posterior region of the Drosophila embryo. Cell 61, 309–317
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Patel N. H.,
    2. Ball E. B.,
    3. Goodman C. S.
    (1992) Changing role of even-skipped during the evolution of insect pattern formation. Nature 357, 339–342
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Pignoni F.,
    2. Baldarelli R. M.,
    3. Steingrimsson E.,
    4. Diaz R. J.,
    5. Patapoutian A.,
    6. Merriam J. R.,
    7. Lengyel J. A.
    (1990) The Drosophila gene tailless is expressed at the embryonic termini and is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Cell 623, 151–163
    OpenUrl
    1. Riddihough G.,
    2. Ish-Horowicz D.
    (1991) Individual stripe regulatory elements in the Drosophilahairy promoter respond to maternal, gap, and pair-rule genes. Genes Dev 5, 840–854
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Rushlow C. A.,
    2. Hogan A.,
    3. Pinchin S. M.,
    4. Howe K. M.,
    5. Lardelli M.,
    6. Ish-Horowicz D.
    (1989) The Drosophilahairy protein acts in both segmentation and bristle patterning and shows homology to N-myc. EMBO J 8, 3095–3103
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Seeger M. A.,
    2. Kaufman T. C.
    (1990) Molecular analysis of the bicoid gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura: Identification of conserved domains within coding and noncoding regions of the bicoid mRNA. EMBO J 9, 2977–2987
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Small S.,
    2. Kraut R.,
    3. Hoey T.,
    4. Warrior R.,
    5. Levine M.
    (1991) Transcriptional regulation of a pair-rule stripe in Drosophila. Genes Dev 5, 827–839
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Sommer R.,
    2. Tautz D.
    (1991) Segmentation gene expression in the housefly Musca domestica. Development 113, 419–430
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Stanojevi D.,
    2. Hoey T.,
    3. Levine M.
    (1989) Sequence-specific DNA binding activities of the gap proteins encoded by hunchback and Kruppel in Drosophila. Nature 341, 331–335
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Stanojevic D.,
    2. Small S.,
    3. Levine M.
    (1991) Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in the Drosophila embryo. Science 254, 1385–1387
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Sturdier F. W.,
    2. Rosenberg A. H.,
    3. Dunn J. J.
    (1986) Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct the expression of cloned genes. Meth. Enzymol 185, 60–89
    OpenUrl
    1. Tautz D.
    (1988) Regulation of the Drosophila segmentation gene hunchback by two maternal morphogenetic centres. Nature 332, 281–284
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Treisman J.,
    2. Desplan C.
    (1989) The products of the gap genes hunchback and Kruppel bind to the hunchback promoter. Nature 341, 335–337
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Ueda H.,
    2. Sonoda S.,
    3. Brown J. L.,
    4. Scott M. P.,
    5. Wu C.
    (1990) A sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that activates fushi-tarazu segmentation gene expression. Genes Dev 4, 624–635
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Wainwright S. M.,
    2. Ish-Horowicz D.
    (1992) Point mutations in the Drosophilahairy gene demonstrate in vivo requirements for basic, helix-loop-helix, and WRPW domains. Mol. Cell. Biol 12, 2475–2483
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Williams J. A.,
    2. Bell J. B.,
    3. Carroll S. B.
    (1991) Control of Drosophila wing and haltere development by the nuclear vestigial gene product. Genes Dev 5, 2481–2495
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
Previous ArticleNext Article
Back to top
Previous ArticleNext Article

This Issue

 Download PDF

Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Development.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Conservation of regulatory elements controlling hairy pair-rule stripe formation
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Development
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Development web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Conservation of regulatory elements controlling hairy pair-rule stripe formation
J.A. Langeland, S.B. Carroll
Development 1993 117: 585-596;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Conservation of regulatory elements controlling hairy pair-rule stripe formation
J.A. Langeland, S.B. Carroll
Development 1993 117: 585-596;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Alerts

Please log in to add an alert for this article.

Sign in to email alerts with your email address

Article navigation

  • Top
  • Article
  • Info & metrics
  • PDF

Related articles

Cited by...

More in this TOC section

  • Non-imprinted Igf2r expression decreases growth and rescues the Tme mutation in mice
  • REF-1, a protein with two bHLH domains, alters the pattern of cell fusion in C. elegans by regulating Hox protein activity
  • The dermomyotome dorsomedial lip drives growth and morphogenesis of both the primary myotome and dermomyotome epithelium
Show more JOURNAL ARTICLES

Similar articles

Other journals from The Company of Biologists

Journal of Cell Science

Journal of Experimental Biology

Disease Models & Mechanisms

Biology Open

Advertisement

Kathryn Virginia Anderson (1952-2020)

Developmental geneticist Kathryn Anderson passed away at home on 30 November 2020. Tamara Caspary, a former postdoc and friend, remembers Kathryn and her remarkable contribution to developmental biology.


Zooming into 2021

In a new Editorial, Editor-in-Chief James Briscoe and Executive Editor Katherine Brown reflect on the triumphs and tribulations of the last 12 months, and look towards a hopefully calmer and more predictable year.


Read & Publish participation extends worldwide

Over 60 institutions in 12 countries are now participating in our Read & Publish initiative. Here, James Briscoe explains what this means for his institution, The Francis Crick Institute. Find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.


Upcoming special issues

Imaging Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration
Submission deadline: 30 March 2021
Publication: mid-2021

The Immune System in Development and Regeneration
Guest editors: Florent Ginhoux and Paul Martin
Submission deadline: 1 September 2021
Publication: Spring 2022

Both special issues welcome Review articles as well as Research articles, and will be widely promoted online and at key global conferences.


Development presents...

Our successful webinar series continues into 2021, with early-career researchers presenting their papers and a chance to virtually network with the developmental biology community afterwards. Sign up to join our next session:

10 February
Time: 13:00 (GMT)
Chaired by: preLights

Articles

  • Accepted manuscripts
  • Issue in progress
  • Latest complete issue
  • Issue archive
  • Archive by article type
  • Special issues
  • Subject collections
  • Sign up for alerts

About us

  • About Development
  • About the Node
  • Editors and board
  • Editor biographies
  • Travelling Fellowships
  • Grants and funding
  • Journal Meetings
  • Workshops
  • The Company of Biologists

For authors

  • Submit a manuscript
  • Aims and scope
  • Presubmission enquiries
  • Article types
  • Manuscript preparation
  • Cover suggestions
  • Editorial process
  • Promoting your paper
  • Open Access
  • Biology Open transfer

Journal info

  • Journal policies
  • Rights and permissions
  • Media policies
  • Reviewer guide
  • Sign up for alerts

Contact

  • Contact Development
  • Subscriptions
  • Advertising
  • Feedback

 Twitter   YouTube   LinkedIn

© 2021   The Company of Biologists Ltd   Registered Charity 277992