Advertisement
JOURNAL ARTICLES
extradenticle determines segmental identities throughout Drosophila development
C. Rauskolb, K.M. Smith, M. Peifer, E. Wieschaus
Development 1995 121: 3663-3673;

Summary

extradenticle (exd) and the homeotic selector proteins together establish segmental identities by coordinately regulating the expression of downstream target genes. The inappropriate expression of these targets in exd mutant embryos results in homeotic transformations and aberrant morphogenesis. Here we examine the role of exd in adult development by using genetic mosaics and a hypomorphic exd allele caused by a point mutation in the homeodomain. exd continues to be essential for the specification of segmental identities, consistent with a continuing requirement for exd as cofactor of the homeotic selector proteins. Loss of exd results in the homeotic transformation of abdominal segments to an A5 or A6 segmental identity, the antenna and arista to leg, and the head capsule to dorsal thorax or notum. Proximal leg structures are particularly sensitive to the loss of exd, although exd does not affect the allocation of proximal positional values of the leg imaginal disc. Using heat-shocks to induce expression of a hsp70-exd fusion gene, we show that, in contrast to the homeotic selector genes, ubiquitously high levels of exd expression do not cause pattern abnormalities or segmental transformations.

Reference

    1. Botas J.
    (1993) Control of morphogenesis and differentiation by HOM/Hox genes. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol 5, 1015–1022
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Boulet A. M.,
    2. Lloyd A.,
    3. Sakonju S.
    (1991) Molecular definition of the morphogenetic and regulatory functions and the cis -regulatory elements of the Drosophila Abd-B homeotic gene. Development 111, 393–405
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Celniker S. E.,
    2. Keelan D. J.,
    3. Lewis E. B.
    (1989) The molecular genetics of the bithorax complex of Drosophila: characterization of the products of the Abdominal-B domain. Genes Dev 3, 1424–36
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Chan S.-K.,
    2. Jaffe L.,
    3. Capovilla M.,
    4. Botas J.,
    5. Mann R. S.
    (1994) The DNA binding specificity of Ultrabithorax is modulated by cooperative interactions with extradenticle, another homeoprotein. Cell 78, 603–615
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Cohen B.,
    2. McGuffin M. E.,
    3. Pfeifle C.,
    4. Segal D.,
    5. Cohen S. M.
    (1992) apterous: a gene required for imaginal disc development in Drosophila encodes a member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory proteins. Genes Dev 6, 715–729
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. DeLorenzi M.,
    2. Bienz M.
    (1990) Expression of Abdominal-B homeoproteins in Drosophila embryos. Development 108, 323–329
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Duncan I.
    (1987) The bithorax complex. Annu. Rev. Genet 21, 285–319
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Fasano L.,
    2. Röder L.,
    3. Core N.,
    4. Alexandre E.,
    5. Vola C.,
    6. Jacq B.,
    7. Kerridge S.
    (1991) The gene teashirt is required for the development of Drosophila embryonic trunk segments and encodes a protein with widely spaced zinc finger motifs. Cell 64, 63–79
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Frischer L. E.,
    2. Hagen F. S.,
    3. Garber R. L.
    (1986) An inversion that disrupts the Antennapedia gene causes abnormal structure and localization of RNAs. Cell 47, 1017–1023
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Gibson G.,
    2. Gehring W. J.
    (1988) Head and thoracic transformation caused by ectopic expression of Antennapedia during Drosophila development. Development 102, 657–675
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Irvine K. D.,
    2. Helfand S. L.,
    3. Hogness D. S.
    (1991) The large upstream control region of the Drosophila homeotic gene Ultrabithorax. Development 111, 407–424
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Jorgensen E. M.,
    2. Garber R. L.
    (1987) Function and misfunction of the two promoters of the Drosophila Antennapedia gene. Genes Dev 1, 544–555
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Karch F.,
    2. Bender W.,
    3. Weiffenbach B.
    (1990) abdA expression in Drosophila embryos. Genes Dev 4, 1573–1587
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Karch F.,
    2. Weiffenbach B.,
    3. Peifer M.,
    4. Bender W.,
    5. Duncan I.,
    6. Celniker S.,
    7. Crosby M.,
    8. Lewis E. B.
    (1985) The abdominal region of the bithorax complex. Cell 43, 81–96
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kaufman T. C.
    (1978) Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster: Isolation and characterization of four new alleles of the proboscipedia (pb) locus. Genetics 90, 579–596
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Lewis E. B.
    (1978) A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276, 565–70
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Macias A.,
    2. Casanova J.,
    3. Morata G.
    (1990) Expression and regulation of the abd-A gene of Drosophila. Development 110, 1197–1207
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Mann R. S.,
    2. Hogness D. S.
    (1990) Functional dissection of Ultrabithorax proteins in D. melanogaster. Cell 60, 597–610
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Merrill V. K. L.,
    2. Turner F. R.,
    3. Kaufman T. C.
    (1987) A genetic and developmental analysis of mutations in the Deformed locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev. Biol 122, 379–395
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Monica K.,
    2. Galili N.,
    3. Nourse J.,
    4. Saltman D.,
    5. Cleary M. L.
    (1991) PBX2 and PBX3, new homeobox genes with extensive homology to the human proto-oncogene PBX1. Mol. Cell. Biol 11, 6149–6157
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Peifer M.,
    2. Wieschaus E.
    (1990) Mutations in the Drosophila gene extradenticle affect the way specific homeo domain proteins regulate segmental identity. Genes Dev 4, 1209–1223
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Peifer M.,
    2. Wieschaus E.
    (1990) The segment polarity gene armadillo encodes a functionally modular protein that is the Drosophila homolog of human plakaglobin. Cell 63, 1167–1178
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Rauskolb C.,
    2. Peifer M.,
    3. Wieschaus E.
    (1993) extradenticle, a regulator of homeotic gene activity, is a homolog of the homeobox-containing human proto-oncogene pbx1. Cell 74, 1101–1112
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Rauskolb C.,
    2. Wieschaus E.
    (1994) Coordinate regulation of downstream genes by extradenticle and the homeotic selector proteins. EMBO J 13, 3561–3569
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Sanchez-Herrero E.,
    2. Vernos I.,
    3. Marco R.,
    4. Morata G.
    (1985) Genetic organization of Drosophila bithorax complex. Nature 313, 108–113
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Schneuwly S.,
    2. Klemenz R.,
    3. Gehring W. J.
    (1987) Redesigning the body plan of Drosophila by ectopic expression of the homoeotic gene Antennapedia. Nature 325, 816–818
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Struhl G.
    (1981) A homoeotic mutation transforming leg to antenna in Drosophila. Nature 292, 635–8
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Struhl G.
    (1982) Genes controlling segmental specification in the Drosophila thorax. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 7380–4
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. van Dijk M. A.,
    2. Murre C.
    (1994) extradenticle raises the DNA binding specificity of homeotic selector gene products. Cell 78, 617–624
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
Back to top

 Download PDF

Email
JOURNAL ARTICLES
extradenticle determines segmental identities throughout Drosophila development
C. Rauskolb, K.M. Smith, M. Peifer, E. Wieschaus
Development 1995 121: 3663-3673;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
Alerts

Article navigation

Other journals from The Company of Biologists

Advertisement

An interview with Swathi Arur

Swathi Arur joined the team at Development as an Academic Editor in 2020. Her lab uses multidisciplinary approaches to understand female germline development and fertility. We met with her over Zoom to hear more about her life, her career and her love for C. elegans.

Jim Wells and Hanna Mikkola join our team of Editors

We are pleased to welcome James (Jim) Wells and Hanna Mikkola to our team of Editors. Jim joins us a new Academic Editor, taking over from Gordan Keller, and Hanna joins our team of Associate Editors. Find out more about their research interests and areas of expertise.

New funding scheme supports sustainable events

As part of our Sustainable Conferencing Initiative, we are pleased to announce funding for organisers that seek to reduce the environmental footprint of their event. The next deadline to apply for a Scientific Meeting grant is 26 March 2021.

Read & Publish participation continues to grow

“I’d heard of Read & Publish deals and knew that many universities, including mine, had signed up to them but I had not previously understood the benefits that these deals bring to authors who work at those universities.”

Professor Sally Lowell (University of Edinburgh) shares her experience of publishing Open Access as part of our growing Read & Publish initiative. We now have over 150 institutions in 15 countries and four library consortia taking part – find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.

Upcoming special issues

Imaging Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration
Submission deadline: 30 March 2021
Publication: mid-2021

The Immune System in Development and Regeneration
Guest editors: Florent Ginhoux and Paul Martin
Submission deadline: 1 September 2021
Publication: Spring 2022

Both special issues welcome Review articles as well as Research articles, and will be widely promoted online and at key global conferences.

Development presents...

Our successful webinar series continues into 2021, with early-career researchers presenting their papers and a chance to virtually network with the developmental biology community afterwards. Here, Michèle Romanos talks about her new preprint, which mixes experimentation in quail embryos and computational modelling to understand how heterogeneity in a tissue influences cell rate.

Save your spot at our next session:

10 March
Time: 9:00 (GMT)
Chaired by: Thomas Lecuit

Join our mailing list to receive news and updates on the series.