Advertisement
JOURNAL ARTICLES
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis
J.A. Long, M.K. Barton
Development 1998 125: 3027-3035;

Summary

The apical portion of the Arabidopsis globular stage embryo gives rise to the cotyledons and the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) gene is required for SAM formation during embryogenesis and for SAM function throughout the lifetime of the plant. To more precisely define the development of molecular pattern in the apical portion of the embryo, and the role of the STM gene in the development of this pattern, we have examined AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) and CLAVATA1 (CLV1) expression in wild-type and stm mutant embryos. The transcripts of these genes mark subdomains within the apical portion of the embryo. Our results indicate that: (1) the molecular organization characteristic of the vegetative SAM is not present in the globular embryo but instead develops gradually during embryogenesis; (2) radial pattern exists in the apical portion of the embryo prior to and independent of STM with STM expression itself responding to radial information; (3) the embryonic SAM consists of central and peripheral subdomains that express different combinations of molecular markers and differ in their ultimate fates; and (4) STM activity is required for UFO expression, STM is required for maintenance but not onset of CLV1 expression and the pattern of ANT expression is independent of STM.

REFERENCES

    1. Aida M.,
    2. Ishida T.,
    3. Fukaki H.,
    4. Fujisawa H.,
    5. Tasaka M.
    (1997) Genes involved in organ separation in Arabidopsis—an analysis of the cup-shaped cotyledon mutant. Plant Cell 9, 841–857
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Barton M. K.,
    2. Poethig R. S.
    (1993) Formation of the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana: an analysis of development in the wild type and in the shoot meristemless mutant. Development 119, 823–831
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Chuck G.,
    2. Lincoln C.,
    3. Hake S.
    (1996) KNAT1 induces lobed leaves with ectopic meristems when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 8, 1277–89
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Clark S. E.,
    2. Williams R. W.,
    3. Meyerowitz E. M.
    (1997) The CLAVATA1 gene encodes a putative receptor kinase that controls shoot and meristem size in Arabidopsis. Cell 89, 575–585
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Cohen S. M.
    (1996) Controlling growth of the wing: vestigial integrates signals from the compartment boundaries. BioEssays 18, 855–858
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Elliott R. C.,
    2. Betzner A. S.,
    3. Huttner E.,
    4. Oakes M. P.,
    5. Tucker W. Q. J.,
    6. Gerentes D.,
    7. Perez P.,
    8. Smyth D. R.
    (1996) AINTEGUMENTA, an APETALA2 -like gene of Arabidopsis with pleiotropic roles in ovule development and floral organ growth. Plant Cell 8, 155–168
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Endrizzi K.,
    2. Moussian B.,
    3. Haecker A.,
    4. Levin J. Z.,
    5. Laux T.
    (1996) The SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene is required for maintenance of undifferentiated cells in Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems and acts at a different regulatory level than the meristem genes WUSCHEL and ZWILLE. Plant J 10, 967–979
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hareven D.,
    2. Gutfinger T.,
    3. Parnis A.,
    4. Eshed Y.,
    5. Lifshitz E.
    (1996) The making of a compound leaf: genetic manipulation of leaf architecture in tomato. Cell 84, 735–744
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Ingram G. C.,
    2. Doyle S.,
    3. Carpenter R.,
    4. Schultz E. A.,
    5. Simon R.,
    6. Coen E. S.
    (1997) Dual role for fimbriata in regulating floral homeotic genes and cell division in Antirrhinum. EMBO J 16, 6521–6534
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kaplan D. R.,
    2. Cooke T. J.
    (1997) Fundamental concepts in the embryogenesis of dicotyledons—a morphological interpretation of embryo mutants. Plant Cell 9, 1903–1919
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
    1. Klucher K.,
    2. Chow H.,
    3. Reiser L.,
    4. Fischer R. L.
    (1996) The AINTEGUMENTA gene of Arabidopsis required for ovule and female gametophyte development is related to the floral homeotic gene APETALA2. Plant Cell 8, 137–153
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Laux T.,
    2. Mayer K. F. X.,
    3. Berger J.,
    4. Jurgens G.
    (1996) The WUSCHEL gene is required for shoot and floral meristem integrity in Arabidopsis. Development 122, 87–96
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Lee I.,
    2. Wolfe D. S.,
    3. Nilsson O.,
    4. Weigel D.
    (1997) A LEAFY co-regulator encoded by UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS. Curr. Biol 7, 95–104
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Levin J. Z.,
    2. Meyerowitz E. M.
    (1995) UFO: an Arabidopsis gene involved in both floral meristem and floral organ development. Plant Cell 7, 529–548
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Leyser H. M. O.,
    2. Furner I. J.
    (1992) Characterization of three apical meristem mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 116, 397–403
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Lincoln C.,
    2. Long J.,
    3. Yamaguchi J.,
    4. Serikawa K.,
    5. Hake S.
    (1994) A knotted1 -like homeobox gene in Arabidopsis is expressed in the vegetative meristem and dramatically alters leaf morphology when overexpressed in transgenic plants. Plant Cell 6, 1859–1876
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Long J. A.,
    2. Moan E. I.,
    3. Medford J.,
    4. Barton M. K.
    (1996) A member of the KNOTTED class of homeodomain proteins encoded by the SHOOTMERISTEMLESS gene of Arabidopsis. Nature 379, 66–69
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. McConnell J. R.,
    2. Barton M. K.
    (1995) Effect of mutations in the PINHEAD gene of Arabidopsis on the formation of shoot apical meristems. Dev. Genet 16, 358–366
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Meyerowitz E. M.
    (1997) Genetic control of cell division patterns in developing plants. Cell 88, 299–308
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Moussian B.,
    2. Schoof H.,
    3. Haecker A.,
    4. Jurgens G.,
    5. Laux T.
    (1998) Role of the ZWILLE gene in the regulation of central shoot meristem cell fate during Arabidopsis embryogenesis. EMBO J 17, 1799–1809
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Muehlbauer G. J.,
    2. Fowler J. E.,
    3. Freeling M.
    (1997) Sectors expressing the homeobox gene liguleless3 implicate a time-dependent mechanism for cell fate acquisition along the proximal-distal axis of the maize leaf. Development 124, 5097–5106
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Sinha N.,
    2. Williams R. E.,
    3. Hake S.
    (1993) Overexpression of the maize homeobox gene, Knotted-1, causes a switch from determinate to indeterminate cell fates. Genes Dev 7, 878–795
    OpenUrl
    1. Wilkinson M. D.,
    2. Haughn G. W.
    (1995) UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS controls meristem identity and organ primordia fate in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 7, 1485–1499
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
Back to top

 Download PDF

Email
JOURNAL ARTICLES
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis
J.A. Long, M.K. Barton
Development 1998 125: 3027-3035;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
Alerts

Article navigation

Other journals from The Company of Biologists

Advertisement

Kathryn Virginia Anderson (1952-2020)

Developmental geneticist Kathryn Anderson passed away at home on 30 November 2020. Tamara Caspary, a former postdoc and friend, remembers Kathryn and her remarkable contribution to developmental biology.

Zooming into 2021

In a new Editorial, Editor-in-Chief James Briscoe and Executive Editor Katherine Brown reflect on the triumphs and tribulations of the last 12 months, and look towards a hopefully calmer and more predictable year.

Read & Publish participation extends worldwide

Over 60 institutions in 12 countries are now participating in our Read & Publish initiative. Here, James Briscoe explains what this means for his institution, The Francis Crick Institute. Find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.

Upcoming special issues

Imaging Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration
Submission deadline: 30 March 2021
Publication: mid-2021

The Immune System in Development and Regeneration
Guest editors: Florent Ginhoux and Paul Martin
Submission deadline: 1 September 2021
Publication: Spring 2022

Both special issues welcome Review articles as well as Research articles, and will be widely promoted online and at key global conferences.

Development presents...

Our successful webinar series continues into 2021, with early-career researchers presenting their papers and a chance to virtually network with the developmental biology community afterwards. Sign up to join our next session:

10 February
Time: 13:00 (GMT)
Chaired by: preLights