Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Accepted manuscripts
    • Latest complete issue
    • Issue archive
    • Archive by article type
    • Special issues
    • Subject collections
    • Sign up for alerts
  • About us
    • About Development
    • About the Node
    • Editors and Board
    • Editor biographies
    • Travelling Fellowships
    • Grants and funding
    • Journal Meetings
    • Workshops
    • The Company of Biologists
    • Journal news
  • For authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Aims and scope
    • Presubmission enquiries
    • Article types
    • Manuscript preparation
    • Cover suggestions
    • Editorial process
    • Promoting your paper
    • Open Access
    • Biology Open transfer
  • Journal info
    • Journal policies
    • Rights and permissions
    • Media policies
    • Reviewer guide
    • Sign up for alerts
  • Contacts
    • Contacts
    • Subscriptions
    • Advertising
    • Feedback
    • For library administrators
  • COB
    • About The Company of Biologists
    • Development
    • Journal of Cell Science
    • Journal of Experimental Biology
    • Disease Models & Mechanisms
    • Biology Open

User menu

  • Log in
  • Log out

Search

  • Advanced search
Development
  • COB
    • About The Company of Biologists
    • Development
    • Journal of Cell Science
    • Journal of Experimental Biology
    • Disease Models & Mechanisms
    • Biology Open

supporting biologistsinspiring biology

Development

  • Log in
Advanced search

RSS  Twitter  Facebook  YouTube 

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Accepted manuscripts
    • Latest complete issue
    • Issue archive
    • Archive by article type
    • Special issues
    • Subject collections
    • Sign up for alerts
  • About us
    • About Development
    • About the Node
    • Editors and Board
    • Editor biographies
    • Travelling Fellowships
    • Grants and funding
    • Journal Meetings
    • Workshops
    • The Company of Biologists
    • Journal news
  • For authors
    • Submit a manuscript
    • Aims and scope
    • Presubmission enquiries
    • Article types
    • Manuscript preparation
    • Cover suggestions
    • Editorial process
    • Promoting your paper
    • Open Access
    • Biology Open transfer
  • Journal info
    • Journal policies
    • Rights and permissions
    • Media policies
    • Reviewer guide
    • Sign up for alerts
  • Contacts
    • Contacts
    • Subscriptions
    • Advertising
    • Feedback
    • For library administrators
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
H.L. Park, C. Bai, K.A. Platt, M.P. Matise, A. Beeghly, C.C. Hui, M. Nakashima, A.L. Joyner
Development 2000 127: 1593-1605;
H.L. Park
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
C. Bai
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
K.A. Platt
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
M.P. Matise
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Beeghly
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
C.C. Hui
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
M. Nakashima
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A.L. Joyner
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Summary

The secreted factor Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is both required for and sufficient to induce multiple developmental processes, including ventralization of the CNS, branching morphogenesis of the lungs and anteroposterior patterning of the limbs. Based on analogy to the Drosophila Hh pathway, the multiple GLI transcription factors in vertebrates are likely to both transduce SHH signaling and repress Shh transcription. In order to discriminate between overlapping versus unique requirements for the three Gli genes in mice, we have produced a Gli1 mutant and analyzed the phenotypes of Gli1/Gli2 and Gli1/3 double mutants. Gli3(xt) mutants have polydactyly and dorsal CNS defects associated with ectopic Shh expression, indicating GLI3 plays a role in repressing Shh. In contrast, Gli2 mutants have five digits, but lack a floorplate, indicating that it is required to transduce SHH signaling in some tissues. Remarkably, mice homozygous for a Gli1(zfd)mutation that deletes the exons encoding the DNA-binding domain are viable and appear normal. Transgenic mice expressing a GLI1 protein lacking the zinc fingers can not induce SHH targets in the dorsal brain, indicating that the Gli1(zfd)allele contains a hypomorphic or null mutation. Interestingly, Gli1(zfd/zfd);Gli2(zfd/+), but not Gli1(zfd/zfd);Gli3(zfd/+) double mutants have a severe phenotype; most Gli1(zfd/zfd);Gli2(zfd/+) mice die soon after birth and all have multiple defects including a variable loss of ventral spinal cord cells and smaller lungs that are similar to, but less extreme than, Gli2(zfd/zfd) mutants. Gli1/Gli2 double homozygous mutants have more extreme CNS and lung defects than Gli1(zfd/zfd);Gli2(zfd/+) mutants, however, in contrast to Shh mutants, ventrolateral neurons develop in the CNS and the limbs have 5 digits with an extra postaxial nubbin. These studies demonstrate that the zinc-finger DNA-binding domain of GLI1 protein is not required for SHH signaling in mouse. Furthermore, Gli1 and Gli2, but not Gli1 and Gli3, have extensive overlapping functions that are likely downstream of SHH signaling.

REFERENCES

    1. Alexandre C.,
    2. Jacinto A.,
    3. Ingham P. W.
    (1996) Transcriptional activation of hedgehog target genes in Drosophila is mediated directly by the Cubitus interruptus protein, a member of the GLI family of zinc finger DNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev 10, 2003–2013
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Aza-Blanc P.,
    2. Ramírez-Weber F.-A.,
    3. Laget M.-P.,
    4. Schwartz C.,
    5. Kornberg T. B.
    (1997) Proteolysis that is inhibited by hedgehog targets cubitus interruptus protein to the nucleus and converts it to a repressor. Cell 89, 1043–1053
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Basler K.,
    2. Struhl G.
    (1994) Compartment boundaries and the control of Drosophila limb pattern by hedgehog protein. Nature 368, 208–214
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Bellusci S.,
    2. Furuta Y.,
    3. Rush M. G.,
    4. Henderson R.,
    5. Winnier G.,
    6. Hogan B. L.
    (1997) Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis. Development 124, 53–63
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Bitgood M.,
    2. Shen L.,
    3. McMahon A.
    (1996) Sertoli cell signaling by Desert hedgehog regulates the male germline. Current Biol 6, 298–304
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Bitgood M. J.,
    2. McMahon A. P.
    (1995) Hedgehog an Bmp Genes Are Coexpressed at Many Diverse Sites of Cell-Cell Interaction in the Mouse Embryo. Dev. Biol 172, 126–138
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Borycki A.,
    2. Brunk B.,
    3. Tajbakhsh S.,
    4. Buckingham M.,
    5. Chiang C.,
    6. Emerson C. P.
    (1999) Sonic hedgehog controls epaxial muscle determination through Myf5 activation. Development 126, 4053–4063
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Buscher D.,
    2. Bosse B.,
    3. Heymer J.,
    4. Ruther U.
    (1997) Evidence for genetic control of Sonic hedgehog by Gli 3 in mouse limb development. Mech. Dev 62, 175–182
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Chiang C.,
    2. Litingtung Y.,
    3. Lee E.,
    4. Young K. E.,
    5. Corden J. L.,
    6. Westphal H.,
    7. Beachy P. A.
    (1996) Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog gene function. Nature 383, 407–413
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Chiang C.,
    2. Swan R. Z.,
    3. Grachtchouk M.,
    4. Bolinger M.,
    5. Litingtung Y.,
    6. Robertson E. K.,
    7. Cooper M. K.,
    8. Gaffield W.,
    9. Westphal H.,
    10. Beachy P. A.
    (1999) Essential role for Sonic hedgehog during hair follicle morphogenesis. Dev. Biol 205, 1–9
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Dai P.,
    2. Akimaru H.,
    3. Tanaka Y.,
    4. Maekawa T.,
    5. Nakafuku M.,
    6. Ishii S.
    (1999) Sonic Hedgehog-induced activation of the Gli1 promoter is mediated by GLI3. J. Biol. Chem 274, 8143–8152
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Ding Q.,
    2. Motoyama J.,
    3. Gasca S.,
    4. Mo R.,
    5. Sasaki H.,
    6. Rossant J.,
    7. Hui C. C.
    (1998) Diminished Sonic hedgehog signaling and lack of floor plate differentiation in Gli2 mutant mice. Development 125, 2533–2543
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Dominguez M.,
    2. Brunner M.,
    3. Hafen E.,
    4. Basler K.
    (1996) Sending and Receiving the Hedgehog Signal: Control by the Drosophila Gli Protein Cubitus interruptus. Science 272, 1621–1625
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Echelard Y.,
    2. Epstein D. J.,
    3. St-Jacques B.,
    4. Shen L.,
    5. Mohler J.,
    6. McMahon J. A.,
    7. McMahon A. P.
    (1993) Sonic hedgehog, a member of a family of putative signaling molecules, is implicated in the regulation of CNS polarity. Cell 75, 1417–1430
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Epstein D. J.,
    2. Marti E.,
    3. Scott M. P.,
    4. McMahon A. P.
    (1996) Antagonizing cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in the dorsal CNS activates a conserved Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Development 122, 2885–2894
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Epstein D. J.,
    2. McMahon A. P.,
    3. Joyner A. L.
    (1999) Regionalization of Sonic hedgehog transcription along the anteroposterior axis of the mouse central nervous system is regulated by Hnf3-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Development 126, 281–292
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Ericson J.,
    2. Thor S.,
    3. Edlund T.,
    4. Jessell T. M.,
    5. Yamada T.
    (1992) Early stages of motor neuron differentiation revealed by expression of homeobox gene Islet-1. Science 256, 1555–1560
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Franz T.
    (1994) Extra-Toes (Xt) homozygous mutant mice demonstrate a role for the Gli-3 gene in the development of the forebrain. Acta Anat 150, 38–44
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Goodrich L. V.,
    2. Johnson R. L.,
    3. Milenkovic L.,
    4. McMahon J. A.,
    5. Scott M. P.
    (1996) Conservation of the hedgehog/patched signaling pathway from flies to mice: induction of a mouse patched gene by Hedgehog. Genes Dev 10, 301–312
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Gossler A.,
    2. Balling R.
    (1992) The molecular and genetic analysis of mouse development. Eur. J. Biochem 204, 5–11
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Graves L. E.,
    2. Segal S.,
    3. Goodwin E. B.
    (1999) TRA-1 regulates the cellular distribution of the tra-2 mRNA in C. elegans. Nature 399, 802–805
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Grindley J. C.,
    2. Bellusci S.,
    3. Perkins D.,
    4. Hogan B. L.
    (1997) Evidence for the involvement of the Gli gene family in embryonic mouse lung development. Dev. Biol 188, 337–348
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Grove E. A.,
    2. Tole S.,
    3. Limon J.,
    4. Yip L.,
    5. Ragsdale C. W.
    (1998) Thehem of the embryonic cerebral cortex is defined by the expression of multiple Wnt genes and is compromised in Gli3-deficient mice. Development 125, 2315–2325
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Hepker J.,
    2. Wang Q. T.,
    3. Motzny C. K.,
    4. Holmgren R.,
    5. Orenic T. V.
    (1997) Drosophila cubitus interruptus forms a negative feedback loop with patched and regulates expression of Hedgehog target genes. Development 124, 549–558
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Hogan B. L.
    (1999) Morphogenesis. Cell 96, 225–233
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hui C. C.,
    2. Joyner A. L.
    (1993) A mouse model of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: the extra-toes mutation contains an intragenic deletion of the Gli3 gene. Nature Genet 3, 241–246
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hui C. C.,
    2. Slusarski D.,
    3. Platt K.,
    4. Homgren R.,
    5. Joyner A.
    (1994) Expression of three mouse homologs of the Drosophila segment polarity gene cubitus interrupus, Gli, Gli-2, and Gli-3, in ectoderm and mesoderm-derived tissues suggests multiple roles during postimplantation development. Dev. Biol 162, 402–413
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hynes M.,
    2. Porter J.
    (1995) Induction of midbrain dopaminergic neurons by Sonic Hedgehog. Neuron 15, 35–44
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Hynes M.,
    2. Stone D. M.,
    3. Dowd M.,
    4. Pitts-Meek S.,
    5. Goddard A.,
    6. Gurney A.,
    7. Rosenthal A.
    (1997) Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1. Neuron 19, 15–26
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Ingham P.,
    2. Taylor A.,
    3. Nakano Y.
    (1991) Role of the Drosophila patched gene in positional signalling. Nature 353, 184–187
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Johnson R.,
    2. Grenier J.,
    3. Scott M.
    (1995) patched overexpression alters wing disc size and pattern: transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects on hedgehog targets. Development 121, 4161–4170
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Joyner A.,
    2. Kornberg T.,
    3. Coleman K. G.,
    4. Cox D.,
    5. Martin G. R.
    (1985) Expression during embryogenesis of a mouse gene with sequence homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene. Cell 43, 29–37
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kinzler K. W.,
    2. Ruppert J. M.,
    3. Bigner S. H.,
    4. Vogelstein B.
    (1988) The GLI gene is a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins. Nature 332, 371–374
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kinzler K. W.,
    2. Vogelstein B.
    (1990) The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome. Mol. Cell Biol 10, 634–642
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Knecht A. K.,
    2. Harland R. M.
    (1997) Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral patterning in noggin-induced neural tissue. Development 124, 2477–2488
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Krishnan V.,
    2. Pereira F. A.,
    3. Qui Y.,
    4. Chen C.-H.,
    5. Beachy P. A.,
    6. Tsai S. Y.,
    7. Tsai M.-J.
    (1997) Mediation of Sonic Hedgehog-induced expression of COUP-TFII by a protein phosphatase. Science 278, 1947–1950
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Lee J.,
    2. Platt K. A.,
    3. Censullo P.,
    4. Ruiz i Altaba A.
    (1997) Gli1 is a target of Sonic hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development. Development 124, 2537–2552
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Lessing D.,
    2. Nusse R.
    (1998) Expression of wingless in the Drosophila embryo: a conserved cis-acting element lacking conserved Ci-binding sites is required for patched-mediated repression. Development 125, 1469–1476
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Lewis K. E.,
    2. Drossopoulou G.,
    3. Paton I. R.,
    4. Morrice D. R.,
    5. Robertson K. E.,
    6. Burt D. W.,
    7. Ingham P. W.,
    8. Tickle C.
    (1999) Expression of ptc and gli genes in talpid3 suggests bifurcation in Shh pathway. Development 126, 2397–2407
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Litingtung Y.,
    2. Lei L.,
    3. Westphal H.,
    4. Chiang C.
    (1998) Sonic hedgehog is essential to foregut development. Nat. Genet 20, 58–61
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Liu C. Z.,
    2. Yang J. T.,
    3. Yoon J. W.,
    4. Villavicencio E.,
    5. Pfendler K.,
    6. Walterhouse D.,
    7. Iannaccone P.
    (1998) Characterization of the promoter region and genomic organization of GLI, a member of the Sonic hedgehog-Patched signaling pathway. Gene 209, 1–11
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Marigo V.,
    2. Johnson R.,
    3. Vortkamp A.,
    4. Tabin C.
    (1996) Sonic hedgehog differentially regulates expression of GLI and GLI3 during limb development. Dev. Biol 180, 273–283
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Marine J. C.,
    2. Bellefroid E. J.,
    3. Pendeville H.,
    4. Martial J. A.,
    5. Pieler T.
    (1997) A role for Xenopus Gli-type zinc finger proteins in the early embryonic patterning of mesoderm and neuroectoderm. Mech. Dev 63, 211–225
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Matise M. P.,
    2. Epstein D. J.,
    3. Park H. L.,
    4. Platt K. A.,
    5. Joyner A. L.
    (1998) Gli2 is required for induction of floor plate and adjacent cells, butnot most ventral neurons in the mouse central nervous system. Development 125, 2759–2770
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Matise M. P.,
    2. Lustig M.,
    3. Sakurai T.,
    4. Grumet M.,
    5. Joyner A. L.
    (1999) Ventral midline cells are required for the local control of commissural axon gudance in the mouse spinal cord. Development 126, 3649–3659
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Melton D. W.
    (1994) Gene targeting in the mouse. BioEssays 16, 633–638
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Mering C. v.,
    2. Basler K.
    (1999) Distinct and regulated activities of human Gli proteins in Drosophila. Current Biol 9, 1319–1322
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Methot N.,
    2. Basler K.
    (1999) Hedgehog controls limb development by regulating the activities of distinct transcriptional activator and repressor forms of Cubitus interruptus. Cell 96, 819–831
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Mo R.,
    2. Freer A. M.,
    3. Zinyk D. L.,
    4. Crackower M. A.,
    5. Michaud J.,
    6. Heng H. H.,
    7. Chik K. W.,
    8. Shi X. M.,
    9. Tsui L. C.,
    10. Cheng S. H.
    (1997) Specific and redundant functions of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development. Development 124, 113–123
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Mohler J.
    (1988) Requirements for hedgehog, a segmental polarity gene, in patterning larval and adult cuticle of Drosophila. Genetics 120, 1061–1072
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Monnier V.,
    2. Dussillol F.,
    3. Alves G.,
    4. Lamour-Isnard C.,
    5. Plessis A.
    (1998) Suppressor of fused links fused and Cubitus interruptus on the hedgehog signalling pathway. Current Biol 8, 583–586
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Motoyama J.,
    2. Liu J.,
    3. Mo R.,
    4. Ding Q.,
    5. Post M.,
    6. Hui C. C.
    (1998) Essential function of Gli2 and Gli3 in the formation of lung, trachea and oesophagus [see comments]. Nat. Genet 20, 54–57
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Nagy A.,
    2. Rossant J.,
    3. Nagy R.,
    4. Abramow N. W.,
    5. Roder J. C.
    (1993) Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8424–8428
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Ohlmeyer J. T.,
    2. Kalderon D.
    (1998) Hedgehog stimulates maturation of Cubitus interruptus into a labile transcriptional activator. Nature 396, 749–753
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Orenic T. V.,
    2. Slusarski D. C.,
    3. Kroll K. L.,
    4. Holmgren R. A.
    (1990) Cloning and characterization of the segment polarity gene cubitus interruptus dominant of Drosophila. Genes Dev 4, 1053–1067
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Parr B. A.,
    2. Shea M. J.,
    3. Vassileva G.,
    4. McMahon A. P.
    (1993) Mouse Wnt genes exhibit discrete domains of expression in the early embryonic CNS and limb buds. Development 119, 247–261
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Pavletich N. P.,
    2. Pabo C. O.
    (1993) Crystal structure of a five-finger GLI-DNA complex: new perspectives on zinc fingers. Science 261, 1701–1707
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Pepicelli C. V.,
    2. Lewis P. M.,
    3. McMahon A. P.
    (1998) Sonic hedgehog regulates branching morphogenesis in the mammalian lung. Curr. Biol 8, 1083–1086
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Platt K. A.,
    2. Michaud J.,
    3. Joyner A. L.
    (1997) Expression of the mouse Gli and Ptc genes is adjacent to embryonic sources of hedgehog signals suggesting a conservation of pathways between flies and mice. Mech. Dev 62, 121–135
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Riddle R. D.,
    2. Johnson R. L.,
    3. Laufer E.,
    4. Tabin C.
    (1993) Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA. Cell 75, 1401–1416
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Robbins D. J.,
    2. Nybakken K. E.,
    3. Kobayashi R.,
    4. Sisson J. C.,
    5. Bishop J. M.,
    6. Therond P. P.
    (1997) Hedgehog elicits signal transduction by means of a large complex containing the kinesin-related protein Costal2. Cell 90, 225–234
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Roths J. B.,
    2. Foxworth W. B.,
    3. McArthur M. J.,
    4. Montgomery C. A.,
    5. Kier A. B.
    (1999) Spontaneous and engineered mutant mice as models for experimental and comparative pathology: history, comparison, and developmental technology. Laboratory Animal Science 49, 12–34
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Ruiz i Altaba A.
    (1998) Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal induction by Sonic hedgehog. Development 125, 2203–2212
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Ruiz i Altaba A.
    (1999) Gli proteins encode context-dependent positive and negative functions: implications for development and disease. Development 126, 3205–3216
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Ruiz i Altaba A.,
    2. Jessell T.,
    3. Roelink H.
    (1995) Restrictions to floor plate induction by hedgehog and winged-helix genes in the neural tube of frog embryos. Molec. Cell. Neurosci 6, 106–121
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Ruiz i Altaba A.,
    2. Placzek M.,
    3. Baldassare M.,
    4. Dodd J.,
    5. Jessell T. M.
    (1995) Early stages of notchord and floor plate development in the chick embryo defined by normal and induced expression of HNF-3. Dev. Biol 170, 299–313
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Sasaki H.,
    2. Hui C.-c.,
    3. Nakafuku M.,
    4. Kondoh H.
    (1997) A binding site for Gli proteins is essential for HNF-3 floor plate enhancer activity in transgenics and can respond to Shh in vitro. Development 124, 1313–1322
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Sasaki H.,
    2. Nishizaki Y.,
    3. Hui C. C.,
    4. Nakafuku M.,
    5. Kondoh H.
    (1999) Regulation of Gli2 and Gli3 activities by and amino-terminal repression domain: implication of Gli2 and Gli3 as primary mediators of Shh signaling. Development 126, 3915–3924
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Schimmang T.,
    2. Lemaistre M.,
    3. Vortkamp A.,
    4. Ruther U.
    (1992) Expression of the zinc finger gene Gli3 is affected in the morphogenetic mouse mutant extra-toes (Xt). Development 116, 799–804
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Schwartz C.,
    2. Locke J.,
    3. Nishida C.,
    4. Kornberg T. B.
    (1995) Analysis of cubitus interruptus regulation in Drosophila embryos and imaginal disks. Development 121, 1625–1635
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Sisson J. C.,
    2. Ho K. S.,
    3. Suyama K.,
    4. Scott M. P.
    (1997) Costal2, a novel kinesin-related protein in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cell 90, 235–245
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. St-Jacques B.,
    2. Dassule H. R.,
    3. Karavanova I.,
    4. Botchkarev V. A.,
    5. Li J.,
    6. Danielian P. S.,
    7. McMahon J. A.,
    8. Lewis P. M.,
    9. Paus R.,
    10. McMahon A. P.
    (1998) Sonic hedgehog signaling is essential for hair development. Curr. Biol 8, 1058–1068
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Tabata T.,
    2. Eaton S.,
    3. Kornberg T. B.
    (1992) The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation. Genes Dev 6, 2635–2645
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Tabata T.,
    2. Kornberg T. B.
    (1994) Hedgehog is a signaling protein with a key role in patterning Drosophila imaginal discs. Cell 76, 89–102
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Takebe Y.,
    2. Seiki M.,
    3. Fujisawa J.-I.,
    4. Hoy P.,
    5. Yokota K.,
    6. Arai K.-I.,
    7. Yoshida M.,
    8. Arai N.
    (1988) SRpromoter: an efficient and versatile mammalian cDNA expression system composed of the Simian Virus 40 early promoter and the R-U5 segment of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeat. Molec. Cell. Biol 8, 466–472
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Takuma N.,
    2. Sheng H. Z.,
    3. Furuta Y.,
    4. Ward J. M.,
    5. Sharma K.,
    6. Hogan B.,
    7. Pfaff S. L.,
    8. Westphal H.,
    9. Kimura S.,
    10. Mahon K. A.
    (1998) Formation of Rathke's pouch requires dual induction from the diencephalon. Development 125, 4835–4840
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Toresson H.,
    2. Mata de Urquiza A.,
    3. Fagerstrom C.,
    4. Perlmann T.,
    5. Campbell K.
    (1999) Retinoids are produced by glia in the lateral ganglionic eminence and regulate striatal neuron differentiation. Development 126, 1317–1326
    OpenUrlAbstract
    1. Walterhouse D.,
    2. Ahmed M.,
    3. Slusarski D.,
    4. Kalamaras J.,
    5. Boucher D.,
    6. Holmgren R.,
    7. Iannaccone P.
    (1993) gli, a zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene, is expressed during normal mouse development. Dev. Dyn 196, 91–102
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Wood S. A.,
    2. Allen N. D.,
    3. Rossant J.,
    4. Auerbach A.,
    5. Nagy A.
    (1993) Non-injection methods for the production of embryonic stem cell-embryo chimaeras. Nature 365, 87–89
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Zuniga A.,
    2. Haramis A.-P. G.,
    3. McMahon A. P.,
    4. Zeller R.
    (1999) Signal relay by BMP antagonism controls the SHH/FGF4 feedback loop in vertebrate limb buds. Nature 401, 598–602
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
Previous ArticleNext Article
Back to top
Previous ArticleNext Article

This Issue

 Download PDF

Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Development.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Development
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Development web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
H.L. Park, C. Bai, K.A. Platt, M.P. Matise, A. Beeghly, C.C. Hui, M. Nakashima, A.L. Joyner
Development 2000 127: 1593-1605;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Mouse Gli1 mutants are viable but have defects in SHH signaling in combination with a Gli2 mutation
H.L. Park, C. Bai, K.A. Platt, M.P. Matise, A. Beeghly, C.C. Hui, M. Nakashima, A.L. Joyner
Development 2000 127: 1593-1605;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Alerts

Please log in to add an alert for this article.

Sign in to email alerts with your email address

Article navigation

  • Top
  • Article
  • Info & metrics
  • PDF

Related articles

Cited by...

More in this TOC section

  • Non-imprinted Igf2r expression decreases growth and rescues the Tme mutation in mice
  • REF-1, a protein with two bHLH domains, alters the pattern of cell fusion in C. elegans by regulating Hox protein activity
  • Centrosome migration into the Drosophila oocyte is independent of BicD and egl, and of the organisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton
Show more JOURNAL ARTICLES

Similar articles

Other journals from The Company of Biologists

Journal of Cell Science

Journal of Experimental Biology

Disease Models & Mechanisms

Biology Open

Advertisement

An interview with Swathi Arur

Swathi Arur joined the team at Development as an Academic Editor in 2020. Her lab uses multidisciplinary approaches to understand female germline development and fertility. We met with her over Zoom to hear more about her life, her career and her love for C. elegans.


Jim Wells and Hanna Mikkola join our team of Editors

We are pleased to welcome James (Jim) Wells and Hanna Mikkola to our team of Editors. Jim joins us a new Academic Editor, taking over from Gordan Keller, and Hanna joins our team of Associate Editors. Find out more about their research interests and areas of expertise.


New funding scheme supports sustainable events

As part of our Sustainable Conferencing Initiative, we are pleased to announce funding for organisers that seek to reduce the environmental footprint of their event. The next deadline to apply for a Scientific Meeting grant is 26 March 2021.


Read & Publish participation continues to grow

“I’d heard of Read & Publish deals and knew that many universities, including mine, had signed up to them but I had not previously understood the benefits that these deals bring to authors who work at those universities.”

Professor Sally Lowell (University of Edinburgh) shares her experience of publishing Open Access as part of our growing Read & Publish initiative. We now have over 150 institutions in 15 countries and four library consortia taking part – find out more and view our full list of participating institutions.


Upcoming special issues

Imaging Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration
Submission deadline: 30 March 2021
Publication: mid-2021

The Immune System in Development and Regeneration
Guest editors: Florent Ginhoux and Paul Martin
Submission deadline: 1 September 2021
Publication: Spring 2022

Both special issues welcome Review articles as well as Research articles, and will be widely promoted online and at key global conferences.


Development presents...

Our successful webinar series continues into 2021, with early-career researchers presenting their papers and a chance to virtually network with the developmental biology community afterwards. Here, Michèle Romanos talks about her new preprint, which mixes experimentation in quail embryos and computational modelling to understand how heterogeneity in a tissue influences cell rate.

Save your spot at our next session:

10 March
Time: 9:00 (GMT)
Chaired by: Thomas Lecuit

Join our mailing list to receive news and updates on the series.

Articles

  • Accepted manuscripts
  • Latest complete issue
  • Issue archive
  • Archive by article type
  • Special issues
  • Subject collections
  • Sign up for alerts

About us

  • About Development
  • About the Node
  • Editors and board
  • Editor biographies
  • Travelling Fellowships
  • Grants and funding
  • Journal Meetings
  • Workshops
  • The Company of Biologists

For authors

  • Submit a manuscript
  • Aims and scope
  • Presubmission enquiries
  • Article types
  • Manuscript preparation
  • Cover suggestions
  • Editorial process
  • Promoting your paper
  • Open Access
  • Biology Open transfer

Journal info

  • Journal policies
  • Rights and permissions
  • Media policies
  • Reviewer guide
  • Sign up for alerts

Contact

  • Contact Development
  • Subscriptions
  • Advertising
  • Feedback
  • Institutional usage stats (logged-in users only)

 Twitter   YouTube   LinkedIn

© 2021   The Company of Biologists Ltd   Registered Charity 277992