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Research Article
Roles of retinoic acid receptors in early embryonic morphogenesis and hindbrain patterning
Olivia Wendling, Norbert B. Ghyselinck, Pierre Chambon, Manuel Mark
Development 2001 128: 2031-2038;

Article Figures & Tables

Figures

  • Fig. 1.
    Fig. 1.

    Morphology of E9.5 wild type (A), Aα/Aγ (B) and Aα/Aβ+/−/Aγ (C-E) mutants. Single arrows point to the open rhombencephalon and the double arrow to abnormal folding of the neural tube. A, heart atrium; B1-B3, pharyngeal (branchial) arches 1-3; L, limb; O and O*, orthotopic and ectopic otic vesicles; OT, heart outflow tract; R2-R5, rhombomeres 2 to 5; S, somites; V, heart ventricle. Brackets delineate the opening of the ventral body wall.

  • Fig. 2.
    Fig. 2.

    Frontal histological sections at comparable levels of the hindbrain (A,B) and of the midgut (C,D) of wild type (A,C) and Aα/Aγ mutants (B,D) at E9.5. B3, branchial arch 3; H, heart; MG, midgut; O orthotopic otocyst; O*, ectopic otocyst; P, pharynx; R, rhombencephalon; U, umbilical vein. The arrow points to the persistent opening of the gut. Scale bar: 35 μm (A,B); 60 μm (C,D).

  • Fig. 3.
    Fig. 3.

    Abnormal hindbrain specification in Aα/Aγ embryos. Distribution of Krox20 (A,D); Hoxb1 (B,E) and kreisler (C,F) transcripts in E8.5 wild-type (A-C) and Aα/Aγ (D-F) embryos. Dorsal views. 1S, first somite; OS, otic sulcus; pR3-pR5, pro-rhombomere 3-5; pR5/6, pro-rhombomeres 5 and 6; PS, preotic sulcus. The bracket in D encompasses the expression domain of Krox20.

  • Fig. 4.
    Fig. 4.

    Enlargement of the postotic rhombencephalon in E8+24hours BMS493-treated embryos. Distribution of Krox20 (A,B), Hoxb1 (C,D), kreisler (E,F) and Hoxd4 (G,H) transcripts on dorsal views of cultured embryos. The arrows mark the anterior limit of Hoxd4 transcripts in the spinal cord. R5, rhombomere 5; SC, spinal cord.

  • Fig. 5.
    Fig. 5.

    RA-signaling defines the kreisler expression domain. E8.0 embryos cultured for 3 hours in the presence of ethanol (control, A) and BMS493 (B,C). The arrows point to the otic sulcus.

  • Fig. 6.
    Fig. 6.

    Hindbrain patterning defects in E7.0 embryos cultured for 48 hours in the presence of BMS493 as indicated. Distribution of Krox20 (A-C), Hoxb1 (D,E), kreisler (F-H), EphA2 (I,J) transcripts on lateral (A-C,F-J) and dorsal (D,E) views of cultured embryos. pR3-pR5, pro-rhombomeres 3 to 5; SC, spinal cord.

  • Fig. 7.
    Fig. 7.

    Schematic representation of the morphological and molecular hindbrain patterning defects observed in various type of embryos displaying altered retinoid signalling. (A-C) Segmental expression of Krox20, Hoxb1, kreisler and Hoxd4 at E9.5. (A) Wild-type embryos; (B) RARα/RARβ double-null mutant embryos (Dupé et al., 1999); (C) cultured embryos treated with the pan-RAR antagonist BMS493 at E8.0. (D-G) Segmental expression of Krox20, Hoxb1 and kreisler at E8.5. (D) Wild-type embryos; (E) RALDH2-null mutant embryos (Niederreither et al., 2000); (F) RARα/RARγ double-null mutant embryos; (G) cultured embryos treated with BMS493 at E7.0. PS, preotic sulcus; OS, otic sulcus; R2-R7, rhombomeres 2 to 7; pR2-pR6, pro-rhombomeres 2 to 6; SC, spinal cord. The unbroken lines represent homogeneous expression of the gene, and the broken lines a patchy expression.

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Research Article
Roles of retinoic acid receptors in early embryonic morphogenesis and hindbrain patterning
Olivia Wendling, Norbert B. Ghyselinck, Pierre Chambon, Manuel Mark
Development 2001 128: 2031-2038;
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