RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Suppression of the immune response potentiates tadpole tail regeneration during the refractory period
JF Development
JO Development
FD The Company of Biologists Limited
SP 2323
OP 2327
DO 10.1242/dev.033985
VO 136
IS 14
A1 Fukazawa, Taro
A1 Naora, Yuko
A1 Kunieda, Takekazu
A1 Kubo, Takeo
YR 2009
UL http://dev.biologists.org/content/136/14/2323.abstract
AB Regenerative ability varies depending on animal species and developmental stage, but the factors that determine this variability remain unclear. Although Xenopus laevis tadpole tails possess high regenerative ability, this is transiently lost during the `refractory period'. Here, we show that tail amputation evokes different immune responses in wound tail stumps between the `refractory' and `regeneration' periods: there was delayed or prolonged expression of some immune-related genes in the refractory period, whereas there was no obvious or transient expression of other immune-related genes in the regeneration periods. In addition, immune suppression induced by either immunosuppressant treatment or immune cell depletion by knockdown of PU.1 significantly restored regenerative ability during the refractory period. These findings indicate that immune responses have a crucial role in determining regenerative ability in Xenopus tadpole tails.